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Dharmic Religions   >   Sikhism

Sikhism


Khanda, one of the most important symbols of Sikhism Sikhism is a religion that began in the Northern Indian subcontinent, from the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev (1469 to 1539) and nine successive gurus.

There are believed to be around 23 million Sikhs in the world today, making Sikhism the sixth-largest (by population) organized religion in the world (after Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism). The largest population of Sikhs is found in the Punjab region of India. Prior to partition, a large number of Sikhs also lived in those parts of Punjab which became part of Pakistan. Sikh populations are also found in many other countries including the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States of America.

Here are some items related to Sikhism:

Here are some books about Sikhism:

Buddhists, Hindus and Sikhs in America: A Short History (Religion in American Life)
By Gurinder Singh Mann & Raymond Williams

Oxford University Press, USA
Paperback (168 pages)

Buddhists, Hindus and Sikhs in America: A Short History (Religion in American Life)
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Buddhists, Hindus, and Sikhs in America explores the challenges that Asian immigrants face when their religion--and consequently culture--is "remade in the U.S.A." Peppered with stories of individual people and how they actually live their religion, this informative book gives an overview of each religion's beliefs, a short history of immigration--and discrimination--for each group, and how immigrants have adapted their religious beliefs since they arrived. Along the way, the roles of men and women, views toward dating and marriage, the relationship to the homeland, the "brain drain" from Asia of scientists, engineers, physicians, and other professionals, and American offshoots of Asian religions, such as the Hare Krishnas and Transcendental Meditation (TM), are discussed.
A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839-2004 (Oxford India Collection)
By Khushwant Singh

Oxford University Press, USA
Paperback (576 pages)

A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839-2004 (Oxford India Collection)
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First published in 1963, this remains the most comprehensive and authoritative book on the Sikhs. The new edition updated to the present recounts the return of the community to the mainstream of national life. Written in Khushwant Singh's trademark style to be accessible to a general, non-scholarly audience, the book is based on scholarly archival research.
The Sikhs
By Khushwant Singh

Roli Books
Hardcover (144 pages)

The Sikhs
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Amazon.com:
Sikhism is one of the world's gentlest religions--a sort of eastern version of Anglicanism. It is as though someone had taken the best bits of Hinduism and Islam and merged them into a religion accessible even to the most secular of souls. There is no class or caste system, hence the men are all called Singh (Lion) and the women Kaur (Princess), and it makes no great claim to be the only way; indeed, unlike most religions, it actively promotes the idea that its followers may learn from other faiths. And yet, the popular image of Sikhs as fierce warriors is almost diametrically opposed to the tenets of their faith. Just how this came to be is wonderfully told in Patwant Singh's history of the Sikhs, published to coincide with the 300th anniversary of the Khalsa--the most important date in the Sikh calendar.

As may be expected, Singh is a highly partisan narrator. The Sikhs are always bold and noble, and those who oppress them--the Moghuls, the Hindus, and the British--are conniving and duplicitous. But this aside, he tells a truthful story of the early days of Sikhism up to the 20th-century partition of the Punjab and the diaspora to East Africa and Britain. But the book really takes off when we reach the modern era. He provides a moving account of the storming of the Golden Temple in Amritsar by Hindu troops acting on the authority of the Indian government in 1984. This led directly to the assassination of Indira Gandhi by her two Sikh bodyguards, which in turn brought swift and widespread retribution, as thousands of Sikhs were rounded up and massacred.

What Patwant Singh doesn't answer, though, is why so many people have felt so threatened by Sikhism over the centuries. Sikhs do not proselytize their religion and they make up only two percent of the Indian population, yet they have been persecuted throughout their history. Maybe, just as nature abhors a vacuum, so religions abhor moderation. --John Crace, Amazon.co.uk

The Adi Granth: Or The Holy Scriptures Of The Sikhs
Munshirm Manoharlal Pub Pvt Ltd
Hardcover (714 pages)

The Adi Granth: Or The Holy Scriptures Of The Sikhs
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The Adi Granth is the most sacred book of the Sikhs. Literally meaning the 'First Book,' it is also reverentially called the Granth Sahib and is regarded as the authoritative scriptural work. The compilation of the Adi Granth was done by the fifth Sikh guru, Arjan, in AD 1603 and contains, besides his own writings, the compositions of the four predecessors, the gurus, Nanak, Angad, Amardas and Ramdas.

Subsequently, in AD 1705-6, additions were made to the Adi Granth by the tenth and the last guru, Godind Singh, who incorporated the hymns of the ninth guru, Teg Bahadur and enjoined that after him the Granth Sahib would take the place of the guru. In its final form, the Adi Granth contains the writings of the Sikh gurus, and also the banis of thirty-six Hindu and Muslim saints who lived between the twelfth and the seventeenth centuries.

It is needless to emphasize the importance of this great religious work which sets forth the ideal of the union of the human Soul with its Maker. This can be attained by following, scrupulously the highest ethical standards and abjuring egoism without, however, renouncing the worldly activities. Besides its great religious importance, the Adi Granth is an invaluable work from the standpoint of the historian and the linguist. It provides very useful data about the social and religious conditions of India during early and late medieval times.

For those interested in the development of the northern Indian languages and dialects, the Adi Granth is a veritable storehouse of information. Though the language of the Adi Granth is mainly Punjabi, Hindi and the cognate dialects, it is interspersed with Sanskrit, Marathi, Persian and Arabic words. It thus throws considerable light on the problem of the ancient Prakrts and Apabhramsa and shows how the vernacular languages of northern India evolved out of them.

The Sikhs of the Punjab (The New Cambridge History of India)
By J. S. Grewal

Cambridge University Press
Paperback (302 pages)

The Sikhs of the Punjab (The New Cambridge History of India)
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This important new contribution to the New Cambridge History of India examines chronologically the entire span of Sikh history from prehistoric times to the present day. In an introductory chapter, Professor Grewal surveys the changing pattern of human settlements in the Punjab until the fifteenth century and the emergence of the Punjabi language as the basis of regional articulation. Subsequent chapters explore the life and beliefs of Guru Nanak--the founder of Sikhism; the extension and modification of his ideas by his successors; the increasing number and composition of their followers and the development of Sikh self identity. Professor Grewal also analyzes the emergence of Sikhism in relation to the changing historical situation of Turko-Afghan rule, the Mughal empire and its disintegration, British rule and independence.
Between Colonialism and Diaspora: Sikh Cultural Formations in an Imperial World
By Tony Ballantyne

Duke University Press
Paperback (229 pages)

Between Colonialism and Diaspora: Sikh Cultural Formations in an Imperial World
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Bringing South Asian and British imperial history together with recent scholarship on transnationalism and postcolonialism, Tony Ballantyne offers a bold reevaluation of constructions of Sikh identity from the late eighteenth century through the early twenty-first. Ballantyne considers Sikh communities and experiences in Punjab, the rest of South Asia, the United Kingdom, and other parts of the world. He charts the shifting, complex, and frequently competing visions of Sikh identity that have been produced in response to the momentous social changes wrought by colonialism and diaspora. In the process, he argues that Sikh studies must expand its scope to take into account not only how Sikhism is figured in religious and political texts but also on the battlefields of Asia and Europe, in the streets of Singapore and Southall, and in the nightclubs of New Delhi and Newcastle.

Constructing an expansive historical archive, Ballantyne draws on film, sculpture, fiction, and Web sites, as well as private papers, government records, journalism, and travel narratives. He proceeds from a critique of recent historiography on the development of Sikhism to an analysis of how Sikh identity changed over the course of the long nineteenth century. Ballantyne goes on to offer a reading of the contested interpretations of the life of Dalip Singh, the last Maharaja of Punjab. He concludes with an exploration of bhangra, a traditional form of Punjabi dance that diasporic artists have transformed into a globally popular music style. Much of bhangra’s recent evolution stems from encounters of the Sikh and Afro-Caribbean communities, particularly in the United Kingdom. Ballantyne contends that such cross-cultural encounters are central in defining Sikh identity both in Punjab and the diaspora.
The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society
By W. H. McLeod

Columbia University Press
Paperback (161 pages)

The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society
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-- Willard G. Oxtoby, University of Toronto

"Sicques, Tigers, or Thieves":: Eyewitness Accounts of the Sikhs (1606-1809)
By Amandeep Singh Madra

Palgrave Macmillan
Released: 2004-12-23
Paperback (448 pages)

"Sicques, Tigers, or Thieves":: Eyewitness Accounts of the Sikhs (1606-1809)
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In 1812, Sir John Malcom, a Lieutenant General in the British Army wrote "A Sketch of the Sikhs," commonly believed to be the first account of the Sikhs written by a non-Sikh. In truth, soldiers, travelers, diplomats, missionaries, and scholars had provided accounts for many years before that. Drawing on this difficult-to-find material, the editors of this volume have compiled a unique source that offers a fascinating insight into the early developments in Sikh history. From the first ever written accounts of the Sikhs by Persian chroniclers of the Moghul Emperor to the travel diary of an Englishwoman, this volume contains material invaluable to those studying the evolution of the Sikh religion.
Universality of the Sikh Religion: A Guide to Understanding Sikhism and the Sikh Religion
By Jaspal Singh Mayell

Mayell Publishers
Hardcover (400 pages)
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An illustrated guide to Sikh religion, history and culture. many color plates. also designed to be useful as a text, with questions and issues for discuss arranged for each section. full index. An important new reference, with art paper and world-class production. Text information on request

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